The Dilemma of the Existence of Inland Communities: A Description & Prescription Analysis of Development Experience in Papua

Abstract

This article discusses the dilemma of the existence of indigenous communities in Papua amidst the pressure of modernization and the historical construction of development policies that often neglect local wisdom. The main objective of this study is to explore the dynamics of rural community development in Papua by analyzing descriptive and prescriptive experiences embedded in state-led development interventions. The study aims to critically examine how traditional cultural values interact with national development policies, especially within the framework of Papua's Special Autonomy. Using a qualitative approach through a literature study method, this research gathers relevant theories, policy documents, and historical records to identify patterns of transformation, resistance, and adaptation among inland communities. The findings indicate that the uniform top-down development model implemented in Papua has failed to accommodate the socio-cultural realities of local communities. Instead of empowering, these models often lead to marginalization and cultural disintegration. The research also reveals that indigenous responses to development are not passive but are reflected in hybrid forms of adaptation-combining traditional lifestyles with selective adoption of modern elements. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of cultural sensitivity, community-based policy design, and harmonization between state interests and indigenous aspirations. In conclusion, the future of rural development in Papua lies in a participatory, contextual, and inclusive approach that recognizes the pluralistic nature of Papuan society and upholds the spirit of autonomy